![]() The metastable anatase and brookite phases convert irreversibly to the equilibrium rutile phase upon heating above temperatures in the range 600–800 ☌ (1,110–1,470 ☏). Rutile is the next most abundant and contains around 98% titanium dioxide in the ore. It is mainly sourced from ilmenite, which is the most widespread titanium dioxide-bearing ore around the world. ![]() Both of which can be found at the Ries crater in Bavaria. Additionally two high-pressure forms are known minerals: a monoclinic baddeleyite-like form known as akaogiite, and the other has a slight monoclinic distortion of the orthorhombic α-PbO 2 structure and is known as riesite. Titanium dioxide occurs in nature as the minerals rutile and anatase. Star sapphires and rubies get their asterism from oriented inclusions of rutile needles. Leucoxene, fine-grained anatase formed by natural alteration of ilmenite, is yet another ore. rutile as a 'heavy mineral' in beach sand. Rutile, and anatase, naturally occurring TiO 2, occur widely also, e.g. Synthetic TiO 2 is mainly produced from the mineral ilmenite. Together with rutile and brookite, one of the three major polymorphs of TiO 2.
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